Internal-combustion engine



Feb. 23, 1954 R H. MARCHAL ET AL 2,669,984

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 3, 1949 7 Shets-Sheet 1 uvelvTo Rs K Q M MY-MM Feb. 23, 1954 R. H. MARCHAL ET AL 2,569,934

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 5, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet Q INVQNv-ORS R mm, HM +60% Feb. 23, 1954 MARCHAL ET 2,669,984

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 3, 1949 v Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig. 6

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INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 3, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVQNTORS Feb. 23, 1954 R. H. MARCHAL ET AL INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 5, 1949 7 Shets-Sheet 5 W N MW 1-, BMW z 737 M*wmww Feb. 23, 1954 R. H. MARCHAL ET AL ,6

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed Aug. 3, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Fig.5

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INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 3, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented Feb. 23, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT ornce 2,669,984 INTERNAL-COMBUSTION. ENGINE Raymond Hi Marchal" and... Maurice L. Fab're, Paris, France, assignors' to Societe Nationale dEtude et. de. Construction de MoteursdAvia-- tiom, Paris, France, a company: of France:-

Application August 3,1949, Serial No. 108,388 Glaimszpriority, application France August 4, 1948 (CL. 123F188):

2' Claims.

In. internal 1 combustion. engines, providedv with feed-gas (air v or fuel mixture). inlet. valves. nd blurntgas exhaust valvesr intake of feed-gas and exhaust. of burnt, gas are always. effected, for each inlet valve and for. each. exhaust. valve, through a. single. ductiorthe. flow of gas. This flow and consequently the power. of the. engine depend. on thecross-sections of these inlet and exhaust. ducts.

The object of the. present invention is an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder head. provided with inlet and exhaust valves; wherein each valve is connected to at least iwvo ducts for the flow of gas through it.

According; to a feature of the invention, at least the ducts connectedto an exhaust valve arelaterally located with" respectto the. valvestemof'said valve; I

According to a further-feature, said ducts have a-crescent-shaped' cross-section, the arcs of which are substantially concentric to theincorrespond in'g valve-stems, whereby themaximum crosssection consistentwith the size of the corresponding cylinder head, is given to said ducts.

Engines designed according to the present invention have numerous advantages relatively to known engines; in particular:

('1) Owing to the-increase-of the passage crosssection for the fluids related to the operation of the engine; each ofthese fluids flows more easily and. with less duct loss than in the-case of" an ordinary engine; hence, the time ofintake and the; time; of exhaust for" each cylinder may be decreased;

(2) As a consequence of this first advantage, the'speed ofthe'engineand hence' its power may be increased;

(3) Burnt gas flows laterally with respectto each exhaust valve-stem, theheating oztthelatteris'thus decreased and operation conditions for each exhaust valve are thus improved;

(9' The. above advantages are achieved. with- Qut'entailin'g'any alteration in. the valve.gear. of the engine;

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawing forming a part of this application and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,

Fig. 1 is a view of the outer side of a cylinder head of an engine according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a diametrical cross-section of this cylinder head along line II-II of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a projection of this cylinder head perpendicular to arrow III of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a section or this cylinder head; along broken; line IV0,.l-.V of: Fig.1. 3,-

Fig;- 5; is .a;sectionthrough a lateral duet-1 alon IineVr-V air-Fig.1 4',

Fig. 6 is a projection oizthecy in adl r.- pendicular to arrow of Fig. 2,

Fig. '7 is a section of this cylinder; head-along broken line VII-0,.-VII.ofL:Fig. 6

Fig. 8 is. a section througha lateralpduct. along line VHF-VIII of Fig... '1',

Figs; 9'and :10; show, on ascale-slightly smaller than that of. Figs. 1 and 2., thei-coverof the cylinder head illustrated on these figures; this cover carrying the inletand exhaust pipes. and the connections of the; inlet. and exhaust ducts of the cylinder headwiththesepipes;Fig. 9: is asection along lineIX-IX.ofFig 1.0 and Fig; 1.0 is a section along; line.X-X of Fig. 9;,

Fig-.11 is a section perpendicular: to the lateral inlet ducts. along. line XI-XI of, Fig, 9.,

Fig. 12 is a section perpendicular to the lateral exhaust ducts along-line XII-$11. ofv Fig. 9,

Fig. 13-is asection. perpendicular to one of the lateral inletzducts along line.- XIII-XIII. of Fig. 11.,

Fig.1.4 isasection-perpendicular to one of the lateral: exhaust ducts along. line XIV--QV-oi Fig. 12, v

Fig. 15 isa section along theaxes-of the'inlet and exhaust. valves, of. a. cylinder, showingv the entire cylinder head,- and Fig. 16 is a projection-view, on-acylindrical surface concentric. tea. id-cylinder engine arranged in-ifour coaxialnine cylinder radialsef thecylinder, heads-oi four cylinders designed, according to the invention, these four cylinders belonging to the .f our radials of. the engine and being fed. through a. common inlet: pipe and, ex hausted through a. common. exhaust pipe.

In Figs-1. andZ, the cylinder head, I: isprovided. in a. known manner. with. cooling fins2. and aandwitha. sin le inlet valve and a single. exhaust valve; theinlet valve-stem.passes through 4 and the exhaust valve-stem through 5.

According to the present inventoin, two ducts having a crescent-shaped cross-section are laterally located with respect to each of these valvestems. 6 and 6 are lateral inlet ducts; l and 1' are lateral exhaust ducts; 8 and 9 are valve-seats.

Figs. 3 to 8 show details of the arrangement and shape of these various lateral ducts.

In Figs. 9 and 10, the cylinder head cover [0 designed to be fitted on the cylinder head I of the previous figures, is a member cast solid in which are provided two inlet ducts II and II corresponding to the inlet ducts 6 and 6' of the cylinder head I and two exhaust ducts l2 and I2 corresponding to the exhaust ducts 1 and l of this cylinder head.

The inlet ducts II and II are further connected to a common inlet pipe 13 and the exhaust ducts l2 and [2' to a common exhaust pipe 14.

This cylinder head cover It is also provided, on its joint side [5 applied on the cylinder head I, with openings I6 and I! for the valve-stems l8 and I9 of an exhaust valve 20 and an inlet valve 2| respectively, and on its lateral sides 22 and 22' with coaxial openings 23 and 23' for a cam-shaft 24 hearing cams 25 and 26 controlling valve-rockers 21 and 28 respectively associated to the exhaust valve 20 and the inlet valve 2| (Fig. 15).

Lastly, an inspection-hole 29 is provided in the outer wall 30 of the cylinder head cover, opposite the cams and the valve-rockers, in order to allow reaching them; this hole is normally closed by a lid 3|.

The above arrangements may be applied to any type of internal combustion engine; they may in particular be applied to radial engines whether single row or multibank.

Fig. 16 shows such an application to a fourrow radial engine.

This figure shows four cylinders of this engine, the first one 32 belonging to the first row of this radial engine, the second one 32* to the second row, the third one 32 to the third row, and the fourth one 32 to the fourth row.

This engine is provided with radial valve control timing shafts, wherein each of these radial timing shafts is common to two adjacent cylinders of two adjacent rows of the engine. In Fig. 16, 33 represents the head of the sleeve of one of these radial timing shafts ensuring the timing of cylinders 32*- and 32 33 is the head of the sleeve of the radial timing shaft ensuring the timing of cylinders 32 and 32 34* and 34 are the sleeves connected to the head 33 and containing the valve control cam-shafts of the cylinders 32 and 32 similarly 34 and 3 l are the sleeves connected to the head 33 and containing the valve-control cam-shafts of cylinders 32 and 32 Ill I 0' I0 10 are the cylinder head covers of cylinders 32*, 32 32, 32 respectively, these covers being connected on one side to a common inlet pipe 35 feeding these four cylinders and on the opposite side to a common exhaust pipe 36 at the outlet of these cylinders. I

The considered engine thus comprises several sets of four cylinders identical to the set of four cylinders 32 32 32 32 which has just been described.

It is to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to withcut departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

I Number We claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine cylinder the combination comprising a head part having an inner wall which delimits the combustion space of the cylinder, an inlet valve seat, an exhaust valve seat, both seats being located side by Side on said wall, two separate chambers arranged inside said head part one above each of said seats, each of said chambers communicating with the combustion space of said cylinder through the corresponding seat only, a stemguide above each of said chambers coaxially arranged with respect to the corresponding seat, an inlet valve cooperating with theinlet valve seat, an exhaust valve cooperating with the exhaust valve seat, each valve having a stem passing through the corresponding chamber and slidably mounted in the corresponding guide, said valves being adapted to gas-tightly insulate the corresponding chambers from the combustion space of said cylinder, an inlet pipe arranged out side said head part, two ducts in said head part opposite to one another with respect to the stemguide of said inlet valve, said ducts being both connected to said inlet pipe and ending into the chamber adjacent to the inlet valve seat, an exhaust pipe outside said head part, two ducts bored in said head part opposite to one another with respect to the stem-guide of said exhaust valve, said second-named ducts being both connected to said exhaust pipe and ending into the chamber adjacent to the exhaust valve seat, both firstnamed ducts having each a crescent-shaped cross-section which is concave towards said inlet valve stem-guide, while both second-named ducts have also each a crescent-shaped cross-section, which is concave towards said exhaust valve stem-guide, the axis of each of said ducts being of an arcual shape such that the angle between the tangent to said axis and the axis of the correspcnding stem-guide decreases continuously from the end of the duct into the corresponding chamber to the end thereof connected to the ccrresponding pipe.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the ducts of each pair are convergent towards the corresponding chamber and open into said chamber through apertures which are symmetrical with respect to the valve stem passing through said chamber.

RAYMOND H. MARCHAL.v MAURICE L. FABRE;

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 935,323 Petsche Sept. 28, 1909 1,235,816 Kytlica Aug. 7, 1917 2,017,205 Gingerich Oct. 15, 1935 2,387,052 Bronander Oct. 16, 1945 2,426,438 De Pew Aug. 26, 194% 

